THEODORA'S BAZAAR
(encoding Greek ISO) GREEK LESSONS (encoding Greek ISO)Are you intended to visit Cyprus and you don't know the basics of Greek language?
Its a good chance for anybody to be familiar with Greek language reading the following lessons.
At the end of lessons you can find our crosswords in Greek words.
In case you cannot read the greek characters please go to your browser:view_encoding_GREEK ISO.
With the first lesson we shall deal with the Greek Alphabet which is consisted of 24 letters:
CAPITAL LETTERS:
Α,Β,Γ,Δ,Ε,Ζ,Η,Θ,Ι,Κ,Λ,Μ,Ν,Ξ,Ο,Π,Ρ,Σ,Τ,Υ,Φ,Χ,Ψ,Ω
SMALL LETTERS
α,β,γ,δ,ε,ζ,η,θ,ι,κ,λ,μ,ν,ξ,ο,π,ρ,σ,τ,υ,φ,χ,ψ,ω.
Pronunciation of the Alphabet is as follows written in English characters
Alpha,vita,gamma,delta,epsilon,zita,itta,thita,giota,kappa,lamda,mi,ni,
ksi,omikro,pi,ro,sigma,taf,ipsilon,fi,chi,psi,omega.
My name is Ανδρέας
My name is Andreas
The Greek letters are separated into different categories
a.Φωνήεντα
b.Σύμφωνα
c.Δύφθογγα
The first category "Fonienta" are the following:α,ε,ι,η,υ,ο,ω
Pronunciation of the seven "fonienta" is as follows:
aaaaa....
eeeee...
iiiiiiiiii...
iiiiiiiii...
iiiiiiiii...
oooo....
oooo...
The second category "symfona" are all the rest and you can pronounce them as you see them There are some exemptions which we shall see them later.
The third category "difthogga" are :αι,ει,οι,αυ,ου,ευ and they can be pronounced as:
αι=εεε
ει=ιιι
οι=ιιιιι
αυ=αβ
ου=οβ or ou
ευ=εφ
examples:
a.κλαίω(kleo) I am crying
b.ονειρο(oniro)=dream
c.ανοίγω(anigo)=I open
d.αυγό(avgo)=egg
e.ουρανός(ouranos)=sky
f.ευχαριστώ(efcharisto)=thank you
USUAL WORDS OR PHRASES
καλημέρα=(kalimera) Good morning
καλησπέρα=(kalispera) Good evening
γιά σου =(yeia sou) hi,hullo or to your good health
πώς είσαι=(pos ise) How are you
είμαι πολύ καλά ευχαριστώ=(ime poli kala efcharisto)I am very well thank you.
Note:Bear in mind that Greek words have some symbols to the upper site of them showing that you have to stress the word to this position,where the symbol is and these symbols are used only on the seven "fonienta" and the six "difthogga".
END OF LESSON 1
With the second lesson we shall proceed to some more words and phrases:
a.παρακαλώ(parakalo)=Please
b. Περάστε μέσα παρακαλώ(peraste mesa parakalo)=Please come in
c. Τι ώρα είναι παρακαλώ;(ti ora ine parakalo?)=What is the time please?
d. Απο πού είστε;(apo pu iste?)=From where you come from?
e. Είμαι απο την Kύπρο(ime apo tin Kypro)=I come from Cyprus
f. Πού μένετε;(pou menete)=Where are you living?
g. Μένω στήν Λευκωσία(meno stin Lefkosia)=I am living in Nicosia.
h. Είσαι τουρίστας;(ise touristas?)=Are you a tourist?
j. Πού μένει αυτός;(pu meni aftos)=Where he is living?
k. Πού μένει αυτή;(pu meni afti?)=Where she is living?
l. Μένω στο ξενοδοχείο(meno sto ksenodochio)=I stay in the hotel
m. Σε ποιό ξενοδοχείο μένετε;(se pio ksenodochio menete?)= In which hotel you are staying?
n. Μένω στό Ξενοδοχείο Χίλτον(meno sto ksenodochio Hilton)I stay at Hilton hotel.
p. Kαλοσόρισες στήν Kύπρο(kalosorises stin Kypro) Welcome to Cyprus.
END OF LESSON 2
LESSON 3 ΜΑΘΗΜΑ 3(MATHIMA 3) Return With the third lesson we shall learn numbers from 1 to 100
Numbers 1 to 13
Ενα(ena)=one
Δύο(dio)=two
Τρία(tria)=three
Τέσσερα(tessera)=four
Πέντε(pente)=five
Εξι(eksi)=six
Επτά(epta)=seven
Οκτώ(okto)=eight
Εννέα(ennea)=nine
Δέκα(deka)=ten
Εντεκα(endeka)eleven
Δώδεκα(dodeka)=twelve
Δεκατρία(dekatria)=thirteen ,from 13 to 19 we use "deka" and the next number.i.e dekatessera,dekapente and so on.
Είκοσι(ikosi)=twenty, from 21 to 29 we use "ikosi" and the next number
i.e. ikosiena,ikosidio,ikositria and so on.
Τριάντα(trianda)=thirty ,from 31 to 39 we use "trianta" and the next number. I.e. triantaena,triantadio,triantatria and so on.
Σαράντα(saranda)=fourty, from 41 to 49 we use "saranta" and the next number. I.e. sarantaena ,sarantadio,sarantatria and so on.
Πενήντα(peninda)=fifty, from 51 to 59 we use "peninta" and the next number. I.e. penindaena ,penindadio,penindatria and so on.
Εξήντα(eksinda)=sixty, from 61 to 69 we use "eksinda" and the next number. I.e. eksindaena,eksindadio,eksindatria and so on.
Εβδομήντα(evthominda)=seventy, from 71 to 79 we use "evthominda" and the next number. I.e. evthomindaena,evthomindadio,evthomindatria and so on.
Ογδόντα(ogthonda)=eighty, from 81 to 89 we use "ogthonda"and the next number. I.e. ogthondaena,ogthondadio,ogthondatria and so on.
Ενενήντα(eneninda)=ninety, from 91 to 99 we use "eneninda" and the next number. I.e. enenindaena,enenindadio,enenindatria and so on.
Εκατό(ekato)=one hundred
Διακόσια(diakosia)=two hundreds
Τριακόσια(triakosia)=three hundreds
Τετρακόσια(tetrakosia)=four hundreds
Πεντακόσια(pendakosia)=five hundreds
Εξακόσια(Eksakosia)=six hundreds
Επτακόσια(eptakosia)=seven hundreds
Οκτακόσια(oktakosia)=eight hundreds
Ενιακόσια(eniakosia)=nine hundreds
Χίλια(chilia)=one thousand.
END OF LESSON 3
With the Fourth LESSON we shall proceed to grammatical terms of Greek Language.
Greek GRAMMAR is the most difficult part of Greek language but in order to give some examples and not to complicate the readers shall proceed with the following simple grammar and examples.
ΑΡΘΡΟ means one
AΡΘΡΑ means two and over(plural)
The arthra are the following:
O or o : used for one male name or object. I.e. :
Ο Ανδρέας(Andreas)(name)
O δάσκαλος(daskalos)=teacher
H or η : used for female name or object
Η Ελένη(Hellen)(name)
H λιακάδα(liakatha)=Sunshine
Το (to) :Used for all other objects
To ρολόι(roloi)=The clock
To τραίνο(treno)=The train
To υποκάμισο(hypokamiso)=The shirt
Also we have
Εγώ(ego)=I or me
Εσύ(esi)=you
Αυτός(aftos)=He, for males
Αυτή(afti)=She, for females
Αυτό(afto)=It ,for objects.
Εμείς(emis)=We
Εσείς(esis)=You
Αυτοί(Afti)=They ,for male names and objects
Αυτές(aftes)=They ,for female names and objects
ρήματα(rimata)verbs ReturnThis category of words are the activities which take place now,in the future and those done in the past .
So we have here three tenses
Present tense
Future tense
Past tense
See below some examples of ρήματα in different tenses:
Present Tense
Πηγαίνω=I am going
Kλαίω=I am crying
Τρώγω=I am eating
Τραγουδώ=I am singing
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Future Tense
Θα πάω=I shall go
Θα κλάψω=I shall cry
Θα φάω=I shall eat
Θα τραγουδίσω=I shall sing
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Past Tense
Επήγα=I went
Εκλαψα=I cried
Εφαγα=Ι ate
Ετραγούδισα=Ι song
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ONOMATA(onomata)Names 3 ReturnΟνόματα are the names of persons,rivers,oceans etc.
Ανδρέας is a name (Andreas is a name)
Γεώργιος is a name(George is a name)
Ατλαντικός Ωκεανός is a name(Atlantic Ocean is a name)
Ερημος Σαχάρα is a name(Sahara desert is a name),etc.
ΕΠΙΘΕΤΑ(EPITHETA) 4 ReturnThe following phrases show where there are Epitheta.They are underlined:
He is a very handsome boy=Είναι πολύ όμορφο παιδί.
He is a very old politician=Είναι πολύ γηρεός πολιτικός.
Weather is very nice=Ο καιρός είναι πολύ καλός.
The sky is blue=Ο ουρανός είναι γαλανός.
All underlined words are epitheta.
--ΟΘΕΣΕΙΣ(PROTHESIS) 8 ReturnSome of the "Prothesis" are shown in the phrases below and underlined.
With the help of God we shall go=Με την βοήθεια του Θεού θα πάμε.
After one hour we shall go home=Μετά από μιάν ώρα θα πάμε σπίτι.
ΕΠΙΡΡΗΜΑΤΑ(EPIRRIMATA) 5 ReturnSome of "EPIRRHMATA " are shown in the phrases below and underlined:
Under these circumstances=Υπό τες περιστάσεις
I am sitting on the chair=Kάθομαι πάνω στήν καρέκλα
I am in the room=Είμαι μέσα στο δωμάτιο
You are sitting down=Εσύ κάθεσε κάτω.
For the above reason=Διά τον ποιό πάνω σκοπό.
ΑΝΤΩΝΥΜΙΕΣ(ANTONIMIES) 6 ReturnSome of Antonimies are shown below underlined.
We are not going to use this table=Εμείς δεν θα χρεισημοποιήσομεν αυτό το τραπέζι.
That is the right way=Εκεινος είναι ο σωστός τρόπος
It is used anywhere=εχρεισιμοποιήθηκε παντού.
Sindesmi are separated in several categories
a. Υποθετικοί (ipothetiki) Those who express hypothesis
f. Επεξηγηματικοί (epeksigimatiki) Those who express explanation
g. Ειδικοί (idiki) Those who express special reasons.
k. Αποτελεσματικοί (apotelesmatiki) Those who express fruity result.
l. Διστακτικοί (istaktiki) Those who express doubt.
m. Συγκριτικοί (sinkritiki) Those who express comparison.
n. Παρατατικοί (paratatiki) Those who expess more time.
p. Υποτακτικοί (ipotaktiki) Those who express yes(yesman)
a. Υποθετικοί Σύνδεσμοι are used below in phrases,underlined.Εαν πρέπει να το κάνω αυτό,θα το κάνω(ean prepi na to kano afto,tha to kano)=If I have to do it, I will do it.
Πρόσεχε όταν οδηγάς(Proseche otan odigas)Be careful when you are driving
Αμα δεν ξέρεις μη ρωτάς(Ama then kseris mi rotas)Don't ask when you don't know.
b. Συμπλεκτικοί Σύνδεσμοι are used below in phrases underlined.Ο φίλος μου και εγώ(O filos mou ke ego)My friend and me.
Ετσι κι έτσι(Etsi ki etsi)So and so.
c. Χρονικοί Σύνδεσμοι are used below in phrases underlined.Kάποτε θα γίνει κι'αυτό(Kapote tha gini kiafto)Sometimes it will be done
Τώρα διαβάζω(tora diavazo)I am reading now.
Απο την ώρα πού άρχισα έχω κουρασθή(Apo tin ora pou archisa echo kurasthi)From the time I had started I feel tired.
d. Διαχωριστικοί(diachoristiki)Σύνδεσμοι are used below in phrases underlined.Αύριο είναι Παρασκευή ή Σάββατο;(Avrio ine paraskevi i Savvato)Is it tomorrow Friday or Saturday?
Θα πάμε είτε με τον ένα τρόπο είτε με τον άλλο.(Tha pame ite me ton ena tropo ite me ton allo)We shall go by one way or by the other.
Αντιθετικοί(antithetiki)Σύνδεσμοι are used below in phrases underlined.-αρά τον κακόν καιρόν θα πάμε(Para ton kakon keron tha pame)Inspide of the bad wheather we shall go.
Ομως δεν πρέπει να πάμε(Omos then prepi na pame)Though we must not go.
Επεξηγηματικοί(Epeksigimatiki)Σύνδεσμοι are used below in phrases underlined.Είμαι πολύ ευχαριστιμένος δηλαδή πολύ ικανοποιημένος(Ime poli efcharistimenos diladi poli ikanopiimenos)I am very happy that is (i.e)very satisfied.
δεν πήγα στήν εκκλησία σήμερα, διότι εχάλασε το αυτοκίνητο μου(Den piga sthn eklisia simera, dioti echalase to aftokinito mou)I haven't been to the church today, because there was something wrong with my car.
Ειδικοί(ιδικι )Σύνδεσμοι are used below in prases underlined.Χρησιμοποιώ το διαδύκτιο δια να διαβάζω τα νέα.(Chrisimopio to diadiktio dia na diavazo ta nea)I am using the Internet to read the News.
Διαβάζω απο το διαδύκτιο διότι μου αρέσει(diavazo apo to diadiktio dioti mou aresi)I am reading from the Internet because I like it.
Αιτιολογικοί(etiologiki)Σύνδεσμοι are used in phrases below underlined:Πηγαίνω στο σχολείο αφού δεν ξέρω να διαβάζω(pigeno sto scholio afou den ksero na diavazo)I am going to school since I don't know reading.
Τελικοί(Teliki)Σύνδεσμοι are used in phrases below underlined:Πρέπει να πάς στο παντοπωλείο(Prepi na pas sto pantopolio)It is sensible to go to the supermarket.
Πρέπει να κάνεις εγγραφή δια να πάς στο ανώτερο σχολείο(Prepi na kanis egrafi gia na pas sto anotero scholio)You must be registered inorder to go to the high school
Αποτελεσματικοί(Apotelesmatiki)Σύνδεσμοι are used below in phrases underlined:Ωστε εχεις περάσει τες εξετάσεις στό γυμνάσιο(Oste echis perasi tis exetasis sto Gymnasio)So you passed the examinations to the high school.
Να που όλα πήγαν καλά και επέρασα(Na pou ola pigan kala ke eperasa)See that all went well and I passed.
Διστακτικοί(thistactiki)Σύνδεσμοι are used below in phrases underlined:Μήπως δεν πρέπει να πάμε;(mipos then prepi na pame?)Is it better if we don't go?
Ας πάμε αλλά Εαν δέν τους βρούμε;(as pame alla an then tous vroume?)Lets go but if we don't find them?
Συγκριτικοί(Singritiki)Σύνδεσμοι are used below in phrases underlined:Τρέχω σάν λαγός(Trecho san lagos)I am running like a rabbit
Αυτό είναι το ίδιο με το άλλο(Afto ine to ithio me to allo)This is similar with the other one.
Παρατατικοί(Paratatiki)Σύνδεσμοι are used in phrases below underlined:Το πλύσιμο των πιάτων ας το αφήσομεν για αργότερα(To plisimo ton piaton as to afisomen gia argotera) Lets leave washing of the dishes later.
Υποτακτικοί(Hipotaktiki)Σύνδεσμοι are used in phrases below underlined:Οτι γίνει ας γίνη(oti gini as gini)What will be will be.
Συμπερασματικοί(Simperasmatiki) Σύνδεσμοι are used in phrases below underlined:Αφού δεν θα πάς σχολείο αύριο αρα είναι κλειστό(Afou then tha pas scholio avrio,ara ine klisto)
Since you are not going to school tomorrow it means that it is closed.
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Our crossword 1 in Greek words*
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Οριζοντίως (Horisontal)
1.Ιt is good for drinking
2.It is in our life
3.(a).Prothesi( b)Some German names have it in front
4.(a).English letter( b)Enciant Goddess
5.(a)Arthro(b)Formula 1 driver
6.Authorities
Kαθέτως(Vertical)
1It have a nice smell
2.It is a drink for Gods
3.If you double it you remember Hitler
4.It is something you drink
5.We meet these in contructs
6.He is all alone.
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Explanation of the words used in the crossword 1
ΝΕ-Ο(ΝERO)=water
ΜΕΣΟ(MESO)=mean
a.ΕK(EK)=from b.ΦΟΝ(FON)say Fon Brown
a.ΝΤ=(D) b.Η-Α(ERA)Name of Goddess Era
a.ΤΑ=The b.ΜΟΣ(MOS) From the name of Sterling Mos Formula one driver.
ΑΡΧΑΙ(ARCHE)=The Authorities
MENTA(MENTA)=Ment
ΝΕKΤΑ-(NEKTAR)=Nectar
ΕΣ(ES)=From the German ESES
ΡΟΦΗΜΑ(ROFIMA)=Drink
ΟΡΟΙ(ORI)=Conditions
ΕΝΑΣ(ENAS)=One
Our crossword 2
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Οριζοντίως(Horizontal)
1.a. We say the police force.b.Breath
2.An old language.
3.a.Egyptian God.b.Manes without noice.c.Title
4.The office that arrange the limits of a land
5.a.Question mark.b.Comletes Bernard.c.Sara's husband
6a.Greek island.b.Name of a game with playing cards
7.a.When it's double is too hurry.b.High Tension
8.a.Old weight measure.b.It means yours.c.Old word meaning here.
9.a.Greek island in third person.b.A beutyfull young man from archeology.
10.A man that carries guns with him.
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Kαθέτως(Vertical)
1.He cleans everything when passing by.
2.a.Every business have it fixed.b.We call a certain group of police force in Cyprus.
3.a.We say it when we hesitate to do something.b.It is used for bread making.
4a.Usually we meet this at the sea shores.b.Word from archeology.
5.We find roses in it.
6.Turkish female name.b.Part of a motor car.
7.a.Letters from the Greek word ΝΙKΗ.b.Egyptian God.c.Part of the name of a famous gungster.
8.a.We say this for saints.b.We invite somebody.c.Time in Greek.
9.A Greek name for a male.
10.They arrived to the edges.
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Explanation of crossword 2
Horizontal
1.a.ΣΩΜΑ(SOMA)means body and the whole of the police force or the whole of an army and so on.
b.ΑΝΑΣΑ(ANASA) means breath when we take a breath we say Ανάσα.
2.ΑΡΑΜΑΙKΗ(ARAMAIKI)Aramaic language.(Aραμαική)
3.a.ΡΑ(RA)ENCIENT GOD of Egypt(Ρά)b.ΜΑΝΕΣ means mothers.Without noise we take out the letters A and E so you dont hear anything.c.Δρ.=Dr
4.ΟΡΙΟΘΕΤΕΙΟ// Οριοθετώ=Ι put limits
5.a.ΤΙ=What. b.Σω=Bernard so.c.Λότ=name of Sara's husband according to the Bible.
6.a.Ιος=name of a Greek island.b.Ραμή or Ραμί=Α game with playing cards.
7.a.ΤΣΑKΑ=From the word Τσάκα-τσάκα=Quickly.b.HT=High Tension
8.a.ΟKΑ=oke.b.ΣΑ=your's.c.ΩΔΕ=here(a word from Bible)
9.a.ΣΥΡΟ=Η Σύρος,της Σύρου,τήν Σύρο=Third person of the name of Greek island Siros.b.-Α-ΗΣ=name of Paris of tria.
10.ΠΙΣΤΟΛΑΣ=Πιστολάς=a man who is dealing with guns.
Kαθέτως=Vertical
1.ΣΑΡΩΤΙKΟΣ or Σαρωτικός=He sweeps everything at his passage.
2.a.ΩΡΑΡΙΟ or Ωράριο=timesheet.b.KY-=Kυπριακή Υπηρεσία Πληροφοριών=Cyprus Information Service
(likeFBI or CIA)
3.a.ΜΑ=Express hesitate.e.g Μα δέν είναι η ώρα=It is not the right time.b.ΣΤΑ-Ι or σιτάρι or στάρι=Wheet
4.a.ΑΜΜΟΣ or ’μμος=Sand. b.ΟΣ or Οποιος=anybody
5.ΑΝΘΩΝΑΣ or Ανθώνας=A place where we plant roses
6.a.ΑΙΣΕ=Αισέ =Female turkish name. b.KΑ-Ο or καπό=The front cover of a motor car.
7.a.ΝΙKΗ or Νίκη=Α Greek name or win.b.ΡΑ or ρά=is the name of God Ra in Egypt.c.ΑΛ or Αλ=From the name of Al Cabone.
8.a.ΑΗ or ’η=saint.b.ΕΛΑ or Έλα=come.c.Ω-Α or Ώρα=hour,time.
9.ΔΙΟΜΗΔΗΣ or Διομήδης=Greek name Diomides
10.ΑKΡΟΤΗΤΕΣ or Ακρότητες=Edges
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From time to time we shall publish some more crosswords in order to facilitate you to learn greek words more easily.
